Power application and control means



April 26, 1932- H. F1 BAKEwl-:LL 1,855,174

POWER APPLCATI'ON AND CONTROL MEANS Filed Nov. 3, 195o 4 sheets-sheet 1 llllllllllluuqi'l'l':

Ap1 il'26,1932. H. F. BAKEWELL 1,855,174

POIWER APPLICATION AND CNTROL MEANS 4 Shets-Sheet 2 Filled Nov. 5, 195o [nvuor: Hama@ Maxwell,-

April 26, 1932. HF. `BAKEWELL.

y 'POWERVAPPLIGATION 'ND CONTROL MEANS 'Filed Nov. v'3, 1930 4 sheets-sheet 3 April 26, l1932. H. F. BAKEWELL 1,855,174,- 'POWER APPLICATION AND CONTROL4 MEANS Filed Nor. 51,' 1930 4 Sheets-Shet 4 Patented Apr. ze, i932 V A i i .A 1,855,174

UNITED STATES PATENT oEFicE i manine F. BaxEwELnOE Los menus, camomria v` rownn APPLICATION AND CONTROL minis Application nieu Ngvember s, ieao. serial iro. iaaai.

This invention relates to improvements inv parts for turning the propeller blades around control means for propellers and more eS- their axes, to shift their pitch. pecially for air-craft propellers, and sensi- Fig. 2 is an end viewV of saine, partly in 'i tive power actuating means for control of section. Y' u s propeller blade itch and for other devices. Fig. 3 is a plan view of same, a portion 55 The objects o the invention are: To prowhereof is broken 'away to show the main vide means for changing the pitch of prodrive shaft and the interior, blade-shiftingv peller blades, to providemanually controlled shaft. l power appliances for operating the pitch Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section v y 1; changing means; the manual' control whereand partly broken away, showing the power 6g.

of is operated from a convenient position drivin mechanism and manualv control within reach of the operators normal locathereo for moving the inner shaft, which tion; provide a hollow power shaft for drivmovement changes the pitch of the propeller ing the propeller; to transmit the ypower .for blades.

i '.i blade pitch changes to thepitch changing Fig. 5 is a' front view of the control lever a5 o ing and switches and/or positive positione blade ends are astene means through the hollow power drivel shaft; handle and the pitch indicator for showing:l

to produce manually controlled devices which the blade pitch of the propellers.

will always be in readiness to operate and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section throu h a which will be power driven, the operation propeller housing showing thel ends o the 23 continuing only as long as the operator conpro eller blades and the means for chan g 7o tinuesto press on the control handle or lever, the lade pitch, by turning the blades a out and which will instantly stop when the opertheir axes; this being a variant of the appaator ceases to exert pressure on the control; .ratus shown in Fi l, 2 and 3.

to provide an indicator for the said power '.Fig. 7 is an en view, partly in section,

2: driven devices which will'show, at any time, and partly broken away, drawn to an en- 15 the position of the controlling member or `larged scale, of ahousing carrying fragments shaft thereof, which indicator will show the of two propeller blades Pand illustrating1 ani blade pitch of the propeller when said conother means for changing the blade pitc l trolling member is connected with the blade Fig. 8 is a longitudinal view of same, part- 30 pitch-changing means; and to rovide .dely in section, also drawn to an enlarged scale. 30

vices for the accomplishment o these sev- Fig. 9 is a longitudinal view, partly in seceral objects, which will be simple, reliable, of tion, of a mechanism' for operating the blade light-weight and low in cost. pitch change means shown in Figs. 7 an `Applicant isv aware that power driven Referrings'to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, A is the mechanisms for changing the pitch o prostub, or inner, ,end ofl a propeller blade, a5

peller blades have `been devices, which, in, whereof ther-care usually two, at 1801degrees general, comprise either a system of gearing to each other, or having substantially coincior an electric motor, in both cases the units dent longitudinal axes, as indicated in' Figs.

I. being controlled eitherthrough electricwir- 1 and 2, for each propeller drive. These manuals which lack the sensitiveness of the having two cylindrical portions, 14, on opcontrols disclosed in this invention, suitable posite diameters of housing C, which por.

for actuat'ng pitch-changing means and also tionsproject from the housing peri hery an .useful for many other purposes requiring are concentric with the stub en s of the sensitive ower control. blades. .Appropriate y holding means retain o5 In the rawings: the blade ends in theseportions of the hous- Fig. 1'- s a'longitudnal view, partly in secing, as indicated. Housing C is attachedl tion, of the two inner ends of the propeller to shaft D, the two being splined together, blades and asupporting housing, with a ragas shown at 25, so that shaft and housing 5! mentary view of the propeller shaft-with are constrained to rotate together, thereby '33.

in a housing C eo t ing rings, which latter sweeping the. propeller blades around in their normal plane of revolution and propulsion.

End A of each blade, is surrounded by a split sleeve B, whichhas the inner and outer peri heral configurations depicted and made y varying the. radii along its length, its inner shape being adapted tofit, (:gooperate with, the form of the blade-end The stub, or inner, blade-end, A, is firmly held by the split sleeve B. The exterior periphery of sleeve B is shaped and fitted to cooperate with certain holding and bearare vpreferably ball caring races, the cooperatin outer races being fitted in the outer shell, 14, of housing C which has an approprlate 'configuration to hold them so that the sleeves B, with the blade-ends A fixed therein, can turn freely about the axes of the sleeves B, thus varyin the pitch of the propellerblades.

n the illustrative example shown end A is provided with a metal socket into which the woodenblade end is fitted and firmly .fastened, Thissocket has an integral exterior shoulder19, which fits into sleeve B and contacts with correspondingly shouldered ortions 27 of the inner periphery of sleeve Adjacentfiange 19 the metal sockets has another integral portion tapered outwardly to form a shoulder, which, likewise, fits into an appropriately shaped, shouldered recess in the inner periphery of sleevel B,

' struction, the sleeve B shoulders before described.

the two cooperating 33, as shown.

The blade-endsocket A, is then tapered outwardly .until its diameter fits the bore of sleeve B, the two beine'l in cylindrical contact along a sufiicient axlal length of the two members to provide an adequate bearing for the blade-end in the sleeve. By this conn shoulders mating at the blade-end A and able to resist cantilever forces in any direction and it is locked against centrifugal force by the cooperating Housing extension 14 is arranged to encircle the ball-bearing races and hold sleeve B a ainst cantilever and centrifugal forces, ut topermit-its rotation as shown.

In this illustrative design, the inner periphery of housing C is shouldered inwardly near the inner end to --receive ball race 29, which cooperates with ball race 35 on sleeve B. mensioned near the outer end to receive ball races 38 and 38a, the cooperating races 39 and 39a surrounding sleeve B as shown. Balll race 39is held axially by a on sleeve B, while race 39a Ring is provided with a pair of adjacent, radiallyprojecting, flanges having bolt holes and a. radial cut through the ring between the 'positions around the halves larly disposed on ring is securely held on merely for convenience ousing extension 14 is diaclamping bolt therethrough and.

.'fulcrum flanges, as indicated at 40. The parts are arranged for ,easy assembly by placing the ball rac-es 35, 39 and 39a shoulder ring 32, and turning-ring 28 intheir proper of sleeve B, which several rings hold the two parts of B firmly together. v

Ring 28 surrounds Harige 19 and is drawn tightly around it by the pair of radially projecting flanges having a bolt therethrouglnthe ring being cut ythrough between the flanges and thus forming a clamping means, as shown at 28a,

clamping means 40 .of ring 32. A boss,

18 is formed on one side of the ring 28,

to form a bearing' pin,

which is shouldered as shown. lNormall this pin 18 is angu- 28, 90 degrees from the centre line of the shafts D and E, so that a force moving along a line parallel with the shafts D and E and pressingV against pin 18, will cause rotation of the ring about and similar to its centreand'therewith, rotation ofthe at- `tached parts, including the stub endsfA of the propeller blades. i

Shaft E, playing axially in hollow shaft D, passes through the housing C, and at its outermost end has aflixed' a cross-head H which comprises a hub15 through which the shouldered end' of shaft E passes, the

member H 'being fastened \in pla'cevbyI nut 20 screwed on the end of shaft E, and from which two limbs 16 extend diametrally across housing diameteni the two limbs extending in opposite directions. Each limb 16 terminates in an eye or bearing, .23, having its axis parallel to that of the sleeve B, Afconnecting pin, 17, is fitted in the beari ng 23. An eye bar, or connecting rod, J, having a ournal at each end is connected to each end of cross-head H by the pin 17, one eye-bar being placed on one side of the cross-head, thefother eye-bar being placed on the opposite side.

in assembly.

The free end of each eye-bar is connected to the pin 18 onthe annulus .28. Obviously, longitudinal motion of the shaft E relaforces acting in the same direction, it is clear that the rotation p pos'ite directions, which is an essential condition for two oppositely positioned propeller blades. l p

A preferred form ofmechanism for causing longitudinal movement -of inner shaft E in one'dire'ction or` theother, is shown in Fig. 4. Shaft E is continuous `from the yoke V through the housing-` 'C.

of the blades willV be in opi' force applied on the opposite side, the two 15- j 52. These rings are Figs. 1, 2 and 3.) The diameter of shaft E is increased alongA threaded portion 44 and similarly threaded portion 46, threads 44 being left-hand and 46 being right-hand threads. Intermediate said threaded portions, shaft is lined, as indicated at 51, Member T,

slmilarly splined land constrained to rotate' axial length of member T i maybe passed vThe lower end of link 58 Attached to gears L and M respectively, are clutch plates R and S, or, if convenient, the plates and gears may be integral. inwardly projecting annuli; or flanges, 53, are formed on the inner faces of the clutchplates, as shown. l

Sleeves 43 and 45 surround threaded shaft portions 44 and 46 respectively, each being threaded similarly to the shaft threading. These sleeves 43 and 45 may be attached to, or integral with, their respective clutch-plates R and S.

Member Z is a circular channel surrounding the cylindrical .surface 4formed by the two inner flanges 53 of the clutch-plates, and member 54 is a clutch-member or shoe, connected lwith the end of its fulcrum 56, and positioned between the flanges of member Z.

Horizontal link 57 is connected at one end to the end of link crum 56, the opposite' vend of link 57 being connected vto asecond vertical link 58.

i is formed' yoke 49 workin between flanges 47 48 on the Vend o shaft E. Connected to, link 58, intermediate its ends, is link 59, the other end whereof is connected with Yshorter arm 60 of bell-crankX, which arm, in this instance, is approximately parallel with links 55 and 58 longer arm, 61, of bell-crank vided with an o erating handle,

tached to handle F62 is a small member, 64,

which has two functions, one as an indicator to show on two cooperating scales the exact degree of pitch change of the propeller blades with respect to some arbitrary datum, the other to actas a stop and revent further movement of the shaft E 4and propeller blade rotation, which stop position, however, when desired. The oppositely projecting ends 68 and 69 of member 64 are sharpened to form pointers, as

the length between ections carrying.

-from the 'scale surface whichturn on rings 'closed by a housing cover 73' throughv which link 58 link 55,- below l -tion of R, and wit 55 above its ful-` vshaft E, or if the pressure on handle `of will depend on the reduction in on the pressure api The end of the E and both sleeves 43 and shown (Fig. 5), each passin over its scale and 71 res 75 against whic member 64 is stopped 'when motion has proceeded far enough to bring said membev in contact.

Handle 62 is provided with compression spring 63 in a central hollowed s ace, as shown, the spring pushing handle 62 .in-

ward to some limitmg point. By pulling the handle 62 outward, axially, it, and attached member 64, ma be drawn away a sufficient dis- 64 to ass over stop 75. Members '74 and 76 are supports for the bell-crank X and scale U.

The mechanism attached to or operating with rotating shaft E is preferably en- 72 supported in any and having a movable asses. This cover 7 3 fits closely around lin 58 and moves to the right or left with the link. The operation of this system is as follows:`

A When lthere isy no longitudinal movement tance to enable stop convenient manner,

power shaft, it turns with it all of the members and parts included between sleeve 43 and 'flange 48 at this same speed, except shoe 54, ring Z and lever yoke 49. v

` If the propeller blades. are to be twisted to change the spi' h in such direction that pitch-control shaft E must move longitudinally towards the right, handle 62 is depressed. downwardly. This causes shoe 54 to move towards the right and press channel annnlus Z also to the right against clutch disc R.' Sufficient ressure will `sto rotactively. rejecting from vthe face of scaleront atthe stop point, is stop n it, gear L, t ereby enabling the moving pinions Q to turn gear M at twice the angular velocity of thatg be less than that required to stop rotation o clutch-plate R and its attached g'ear L, but suicient .to reduce the speed of the latter, rotation of gear M at a higher speed than shaft E will result, the speed wherespeed of gear L and, therefore, plied to handle 62. In any case, the speed of clutch-plate sleeve 45 will diminish while that-of sleeve 43 will increase, and there will be relative rotation between sha 45. the shaft is running in a 'Assuming that direction, viewed counter-clock wise endv at 50, reductionin speed of is the equivalent .of turning the shaft in the sleeve 45 to screw it'out of the sleeve, so that the shaft E will be drawn towards the right by this action. Simultaneously, the speed of sleeve 43 being higher than that of .haft E, the relative rotation between ft we E and sleeve 43 I tion of vshaft pointers 68 in turn, will up or down, by movement of the lever sleeve and shaft is ina direction opposite to that forsleeve and shaft E Threads 44 being .oppositeA to threads 46, the effect of higher speed of sleeve 43is also to move the shaft to the right, so that the two threaded sleevesact simultaneouslyto cause motion of the'shaft. Hence, for this specific design, the relative rotation vbetween shaft must be the same asthat between the shaft `and sleeve 45, or,.i'n other words, the decreasev in speed must equal the increase in speed a condition ofoperation whichwill automatically adjust itself for any. pressureexerted on the handle 62 and transmitted to shoe 54 through. the linkage before described.

Obviously, the speed of longitudinal mo- E may be sensitively Afixed by the operator and the manual impose on the .control handle. .Longitudinal movement of shaft E to the right will cause similar movement of cross-head H and the ends of the eye-bars J thereto attached, which, in turn, will produce rotation of the turn rings 28 and the sleeves B clamped therein, which rotates the propeller blades, A, thereby changing the pitch.

The reverse of the operation described will take place. if the operating handle 62 be pressed upward causing shoe 54 to move leftward, reducing or stopping motion of clutch-plate S and gear M, and producigleftward longitudinal motion of shaft It is clear that longitudinal motion of the shaft E will cause an equal change in the position 'of lower end of lever 58, which, cause movement of'handle 62 61, through its connection with lever 58 by bell-crank arm 60 and connecting link 59. Hence, pulling down or pushing up on handle 62 will cause movement of shaft 9 to change the pitch of the propeller b ades and the coincident change in the position of the handle 62 and of the pointers 68 and 69 thereto attached. Scales 70 and 71 are identical in the location of their divisions, but the respective cooperating and 69 are relatively displaced.- This difference pointers is to compensate for the initial movement of handle 62 and attached pointers, necessary to cause beginning of shaft motion. Shoe 54 and clamping ring Z must 'cach be moved through a short distance before contact of ring Z made. This distance, multiplied by the several lever arms between the pointers68 and 69 and the shoe 54, `is the distance of displacement between pointers 68and 6 9 measured along the scales U. It is obvious that lother compensating arrangements of gear L- of gear M, bl

pressure he may .,B, the socket bein .in position of the` with plate R is'- can be substituted for this one, if any other i's found to be simpler. A

While the mechanism shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is a preferred form of device for turning the propeller tudinal axes, responsive to longitudinal motion of a control shaft, as E, it is obvious that other mechanisms may be used for the same purpose. Fig. 6 is illustrative of one simple variant. C is the housing int'o which the stub ends A, A ofthe propeller ades are rotatably secured. Housing C is attached to, or integral with, main power shaft, D. Attached to stub ends A,

A, are sectors or toothed elements 5, 5,

cooperating with a double sided rack having teeth 6, 6, as shown. Shaft E is attached to the rack, there beingan enlarged portion or flange 4 the `bore of hollow shaft D adjacent its connection with housing C, and thereby forming a guide and support for rack 6 6.

kLongitudinalo movement of shaft E, moving 'rack 6, 6, will rotate the blade-ends A, A, in opposite directions. f

blades around their longi-v having a diameter to lit This device requires that the axes of the v 'fblades be displaced in a plane perpendicular to the axes, as indicated.

Instead of turning the propeller blades by means of a power driven reciprocating shaft, andvmanually controlled, pitch chang ing can be elfected by a rotatinoP shaft. n Figs/7 and 8, devices are shown the ropeller pitch by a rotatin A are the propeller l) shaft. lade ends mounted in a rotating housing or drive-head C havin o ositel projectin socket portions 14;g1. Thi blade-en s A,A, are rotatably fastened intothe sockets 14, 14, sothattheyareheldsecurelyagainstboth centrifugal and cantilever forces. Each end, A, is surrounded by a sleeve B, into which the blade is firmly and rigidly fixed. Adjacent the inner end of sleeve B is a collar 86, which fits the bore of socket 14, The

socket diameter is reduced immediately adjacent the collar 86, providing a shoulder 87 whereby the collar resists the centrifugal thrust. AdJacent the end of socket 14, a second collar 88, is fastened on the sleeve counterbored to receive the collar and provi ea shoulder 89 against which collar 88 works, the two collars and v the shouldered portions of the socket, providing secure holding means for the propeller wtllich' change l roo blades which permit axial rotation but which motion in either direction.

f course, the arrangement for holding blade end A and sleeve B inv socket 14, shown in Figs.` 1, 2 and 3, may b e substitut-v ed for the structure just described, or any preferred simple and reliable arrangement of the parts may beadopted.

At the inner end of. each blade T`A, 'is fastened a' worm-wheel 80, and mating resist any axial las therewith is a worm on a worm-shaft, the Mountedon shaft Ehsuccessively from lower left-hand one whereof being numbered left to right are: a dished, geared, multiple- 81`while the identical 'worin in the upper ball retainer 2j ,.free to turn on the shaft;`

' right-hand position, is numbered 82 a sleeve 2t, keydto the shaft and on which spur gear, 84 andv 85, respectively, the left end cone shapled and a narrow ring mounted on it, both of which gears mesh of gear teeth 2k att eright end projecting with centralfgear 83. Rotation of gearV be ond the drum periphery; a` free-turning 83 turns both worms 81 and 82 causo ebearing 2n, and a cone-shaped mexn- 5 Each worin-shaft, 81fand 82, has a sleeve are, successively-a drum2d having 7 .lo ing rotation of worm-wheel 89 and the r2.s having its base towardstheleft. 75.

similar one onthe opposite propeller blade of these parts are fastened to or integral wlth end. The worms and worm wheels are the sleeve 2t so they turn -withl shaft E, threaded and toothed to roduce opposite exceptin yoke bearing 9m whichis free. rotation of the two prope ler blades when vThe fina member mounted onshaft E is a the wormshafts turn in the same direction. second geared, multiple-ball spacer, which is 99 `Main drive-pro ellershaft D is fastened free to turn on shaft E, and identical with to the housing C in any approved manner, the first one 2j. a as by splining'shaft D into the hub of the Concentric with sha-ft E, attached to the housing or drivefhead, indicated at in frame 4C and fixed in position, are -two n -Fja 1, 2 and '8,' or other suitable manner. cones,cone 2m being adjacent the left endA 55 ar` wheel 2a represents the wer-reand cone 3E adjacent the ri ht'end of the ceiving element'which turns mains aft D frame 4C. Hardened steel alls 3A are A and drivesthe Propellers. This is merely an placed in the openings in cone-shaped ballindicator, several methods of conveying powretainer 2j, and (as usual,they are equally er to shaft D being suitabl However, spaced around the retainer. The balls 3A 9 since they form no part of this invention the are held on each side of retainer 2j by conseveral preferred methods of driving s aft tact at 3D against fixed cone 2m on one D are not here shown or described. P ower siie and by contact atvSC on the opposite gear 2a indicates that power isapplied to side' against rotating cone, on drum 2d.

:m the main shaft D lintermediate'the ropel- In the other ball retainer, 2r, is a set 'of 95 ler blade housing, ordrive-head, andt econsteel balls, 3B, identical with balls 3A, ltrol means whereby the propellerblades are which contact with fixed cone 3E on one twisted to change the pitch thereof, such side and with rotating cone 2s on theother as shown in '4 and 9, which latter shows -side of fthe retainer', at 3 as `one preferred sesitvmpOWerfdrven mech- *',Yoke bearing 2n cannot slide longitudianism. nally on sleeve 2t and axial ressure 1n 40 as shown. Inside hollow shaft D and consupported in two bearingsi 3G at each end,

A mairahollow, powershaft, D, extends either .direction is communicate to one or from propeller housingl;C through the pOW- the other set of steel balls, 3A or 3B. A er source, as 2a, to t e-control mechanism, A lay shaft 2c pa'rall 1 to shaft E and centric therewith, is blade y iitchcontrol is mounted in the frame Keyed thereshaft E, which likewise exten s from hous-- on are gears 2f and 2 whereof the ing C to the. control mechanism. ese former meshes with'gear-Qhand the second two shafts normally rotateat'iden 'ical'speeds meshes with the gear teeth of dishe'd spacer.

and when the speeds are thesame, central 2j, The gears 2h and 2f are of the u 5 must tum at' a higher. 01' lower an ar Ve' in the same direction as that of .shaft E,

shaman.- 1

nl' 83 00S not rotate and the thereto vsame size, so that shaft 2c rotates congeared mechanism is quiescent. In order to tinugusly at the same speed as that ofmain turn the worm-wheels and 82, and drive shaft D.and in an opposite direction thereby Vl'y .the Pmlmnel Pitch, Shaft. E thereto. Gear 2g turns ball-retainer 21 locty than that 0 the main drive S aft D and, since ar 2g is half the diameter of and the propeiler housmgcvthat1sther9 tie' tooth-ffiiich circle on retainer 2j, the must be relative rotator .motion between jhtrtumsat half-the speed of maana drive'shaft D and t e Pith'cvhangng vA portion of'thelength of shaft 26isi threaded as shown at 3K. A gear 2b Mounted 1n frame 4C are the several v rts of the control mechanism, as shown. gavin-gf Ptswd) face andfpedhnlga ain ower shaftv-"D passes through jour- 1n. t? -1 ed l 1S mou t nal at the'left-hansrtl enddof tlllie game Egos shvgg-rf'i19ehg 3252s relieved us rminates'u insiete-ame with a' sufficient length] to' accommodate spur over i coflsldefablePMt '0f it? length," gem- 2h Shaft E passes th10ugh the Vthegear 1s supported only at .the threaded end of shaft D and con Ainues tof the r1 ht POIIIOD 0f the hllb- Attvchd. 110 the -Xr a rigpf the frame where it 'is 4journall Vat 'tenor of the hub of gear 2b is a yoke or runningbearing au, shouldered @fue 4 Pressure is applied to'one end of bar 2y,

t'so

, this design, the driver travels at half the Y .ondrum 2d.

transmit longitudinal thrust to shaft .2c'.

the same, so that their angular Avvelocities lare Y necessarily always equal.

Adjacent the right hand end of shaft 2c is keyed gear wheel 2p which meshes with the ball-retainer 2r and drives the latter. Retainer 21' is twice the diameter of -gear 2p at the pitch-line. Hence, retainer 2r, like retainer 2 turns at half the speed of shaft 2c or of7 shaft D. A lever 2cv is pivotally connected at one end to thrust yoke or bearing thrust bearing 2u .intermediate its ends, and at the outer free end,l has an ovaleye 2:12. A sliding bar 2y, mounted inltwo bearings 3N has a pin in oval'eye 2m, The operation of this device is as follows:

say from left to right, thereby urging rthe upper end of lever 21o in that saine direction, by reason'of the pressure yof pin-2z against the inner wall of the oval 2:12. This force causes one in a similar direction at the thrust bearing 2u and force in an opposite direction at thrust bearing 2n The latter force presses steel balls 3A tightly between :fixed cone 2m and the turningl cone 3c The balls 3A are being continuously drivenf around'by rgeared retainer 2j between the twocones, the'ball centers moving at half the speed of shaft D. -Vhen the balls, 3A, are compressed between fixed cone 2m and rotating cone 30, they act as transmission gears, cone 3c by contact with it and the fixed cone. If the lines of contact of the balls with both cones were at equal distances from the centre of rotation,,i. e., the,centre of` shaft E, then cone 3C would run at twice the speedof the geared ball-retainer, justas in" the ca se of any pinion driven around a circular lpath by a member on which it rotates, and'meshing with a fixed gear and another free to rotate, in which arrangement the'second gear will turn at twice' the speed of the pinion centre, as is well known.

Since for the specific gearing adopted in speed of normalrotation of shaft D, the

cone 3C would'bedriven atjthe speed of shaft D, if the contact line for the balls on the fixed cone 2m were at the same radius as that of the contact line 4on the rotating cone 30. But the radius of contact on fixed cone 2m is less than that on the rotating cone 30, hence the speedlof the lat` v ter will be' less than that ofthe shaft D, when axial pressure is sufiicient to produce a ball friction drive.

the fixed cone.

2n, similarly connected to .plained, the speed Aof- 22 proj ectingA from,l vits side and fitted to play driving l face of gear 26,

s the speed of the ball retainer; r is the radius of the line of Contact between balls and rotating cone, and R is the similar `radius for When the two vradii are equal, and R equals r, thenvthe speed of the rotating cone, or S, equals p .Y

that is, as" before exthe'rotating cone becomes twice that of the ball-retainer.v

By adjusting the slope of the cones and other'conditions of design, the difference bewhich reduces to 2s,

tween thesradius cn the fixed cone-around in which'S is the speed of the rotating cone;

which the balls travel and that of the rotat i ing cone, may be-given an practical value desired.; so thatany rate ofyspeed difference may be obtained. For instance, if the radius of the contact circle on the rotating cone be 10 percent. less than that on the fixed cone, the 'rotating cone would turn 20 percent. faster than twice that of the ball-retainer, as

maybe computed from the :formulav by sub- `Stituting 1.10R for .1'.

Therefore, ressure leftward on drum 2d squeezing bal s 3A between the cones 2m and 3C will cause drum 2d and the shaft E to turn slower than the speed of the main drive shaft D,

The gearing between teeth 2k on drum 2d and the teeth on gear 2b will turn the latter slower than shaft 2c, the gear and shaft 2c both rotating inthe same direction. Gear 2b which'causes axial movement of gear 2b and thrust journal 2u along shaft 2c, the direction of threading producing movement towards the right, moving sliding bar 2y also toward `the right for preceding conditurns on threads 3K l,

tions. Hence, the operating pressure on sliding bar 2y must be continuously maintained as it continues to move.v Immediately-onbcessation of the pressure, thel balls 3A will slip between the cone surfaces and underspeeding of cone 3C and drum 2d ceases. Obviously, Ias the under-speeding continues. the longitudinal moticn of threaded gear 2b to the right also continues, hence, the wide providing sufficient length of teeth for maintaining teeth 2b land 2k in mesh, asy gear 2b moves axially, within the limits of construction of the mechanism.

An exactly similar operation attendspressure against control bar 2 1/in an opposite direction 'or towards the left. This forces cone 2s on sleeve 2t in the opposite direction or to the right, clamping balls 3B belll tween the rotatable cone 28 and point of blades in a correspon contact 3E on the cooperating fixed cone. The conditions of operation are identical wltn those before described for balls 3A, and the in this which the gear 83 turns when the speedr of l shaft E is less than that of sha-ft D and .before explained.

direction'will cause rotation of ding 2y in the opposite direction i produces rotation of the propeller blades in correspondingly opposite irection. And relative motion between shafts D and E is attended with axial motion of gear 2b and thrust journal 2u l direction, causing motion of control-bar y in the ldirection in which itfis urged by inanual or other control. Obviously, an operating handle with scale and pointer-similar to those parts shown in Figs. 4 and 5, or of any other convenient form of control, can bel a plied or connected to sliding bar 2y or directly to lever 2w. Clearly, the difference in speed between shafts D and E will depend on the pressure 'applied to thrust the cooperating cones together. There will alwa s be someslip between the balls 3A an the cones on cach side thereof, and the less the slip, the greater will be the change in speed of shaft E up to the maximum limit lof the design of mechanism employed. Hence,

the propeller -thrust on bar the direction and s pee lof the operator.

- As has been explained, difference in speed, or relative rotation, between shaft- D and shaft E will cause gea' 83 to turn relative to the propeller casing C, and, thereby, through-the gearing described, turn the propeller blades to change their pitch. If the speed of shaft of shaft D, the pitch changeV will take place in one direction, while if shaft E turns at a lower speedfthe propeller blades will'be constrained to rotate 'n the opposite direction, so that by appropriate shaft speed- 60' changing devices, as before propeller pitch may be changed in either direction.

Returning to .1, 2'` and lfor explanation of detailstherein shown, 2a is av gear l5 mounted on shaft D and indicative that Hence, thrustof control bar 2y in one` direction, an

.the ropeller in one or `the other of the cap 13 d tion wit of control are alwaysdirectly in the control stood that many' sible to those skilled inthe art, and I nym f Y Ebe greater thanthat P0 additions,VI omissions,

bers,

described, the I .I claim as my invention power is applied to the main drive shaft D intermediate the propeller casin the control mechanism shown in as explained in description Aof Figs. 7, 8 and 9. 10 and 10 arev circular end coizerv having enlarged ceiiplates for casing C, ti'al openings 22 is a central hub extending longitudinally through casing C an splined to is a rear circular dished cover plate to close the o eningrear cover pla ing in forward cover plate 10. Hub 22 is coni'cally1 counterbored at its ends. ical end members, fixed to the shaft D and threaded to screw into position and for adfpstment,` are provided, th front one G,

portion interior of sha cone, F, is threaded'` over shaft D as shown. This arrangement provides for -exact location of the pro ller casing along the len h of shaft D and its exact centeringgan adjustment.

nd cover ca s, 13, having ab're to fit the metal soc et on the' stub end A of ten ed sleeve B which ca' s are'threadcd to screw on the end of soc end of section thereof, andare provided to hold an lubricant and exclude and dirt from le casing.

In practice, projecting socket fastened on stub end A as the shouldered ring 19 and the adacent flange, are of slightly less diameter't v cap 13. In cases where an the bore [of the blade end isl shaft D at 25, as shown. v12

te 10, while f 12a is a similar plate to cover the open-e aving a sleeve whichv screws into a threaded ft D, and the rear blade or in some cases, the exet 1 at the as I dust These caps also'v .provide holding shoulders for ringsf3r8a. pai'ts` of themetal small and the'4 flanged parts of the. metal for the bore socket therefor are to large the latter is to pass over, placed over the stub end of lthe the metal socket is monted in place.

Havin illustrative embodiments, forms and arrangements of parts, it will be undervariants thereof are 'posvention, to4 the particular construction or application herein shown and described, as changes inA tliesize, proportions, configurations, ar-

sition and mechanical relations,

substitutions, combina'- in its broader a pects, is notl limited v 116 binde before described my invention in connecrangements assemblage,`interaction, )uxtaas well asf. W

tions and alterations of forms, parts, meinfeatures and'in the kind and ordei' of operations, and successive steps, made without departing from thev broad spirit of'this invention.

1. In a propeller system, of

means, said control means being adapted to may bc j Tlf-i6; the combination I wer meansforcliangiig the propeller blade pitch, and control means for said' power .blade end; means whereb move responsive to change in pitch of vsaid propeller blades.

2. In a propeller adapted for changing the pitch of a blad'e;the combination of power means for moving-a propeller blade for sald pitch variation, and control means for said power means, which control means is adapted to move in accordance with change in propeller blade pitch.

3. In a propeller adapted to have a blade rotated about a longitudinal axis, the combination of power means for turning said blade, and manual control meansfor said power means, said Control means being adapted to move responsively to movement of said blade andto indicate the pitch position thereof.

4. In a pitch-changing means for apropeller blade, the combination of a power source; a housing carrying a socket for the the propeller socket by Said blade is rotated axially in said for actuating power source; control means said blade-rotating means by said, power i responsively to movement of v combination ofv ,a v power shaft; a propeller blade' adapted to be source, including a manual clement which is moved with said blade-rotating means.

5. In a propeller adapted forbladepitch change, the combination of a blade rotatably socketed to turn about its longitudinal axis ;.v Ipower means for turning said blade, and manual control means for said power means, said control means being adapted to move said power turn- 1ng means andto indicate by its position, the pitch position of the said blade.

6. In a propeller propulsion system, the combination of a power source.; apower shaft; a'propeller blade adaptedto be rotated around its longitudinal axis, for variation in pitch; -power drive means vfor rotating said blade about said axis; a -control shaft for communicating power from said power source to said power-driven blade-turning means, by production of relative motionbetween 'said control shaft and said power shaft; and manual control for said ower blade-turning means, the positionv w ereo'f changes progressively with change in position `of the blade.

. .'In a propeller propulsion System, the

powerv source; a hollow' rotated around its longitudinal axis, for

, in position ofthe .rotating said lade variation in itch; power drive means for about said axis; a control "shaft/interior of andconcentric with said power shaft for l saldtpower source to said power-driven blade,-

communicating power from turning means, by production of relative mo.- tion between said controlshaft and said power shaft; and'ma'nual control for said, power blade-turning means, the position whereof changes progressively with change blade and at any time indicates the pitch setting of the blade.

8. In a propeller system, the combination v blades for "drive sha ment of said blade-rotating means when rela- .low drive-shaft and actuating means means tomove responsive to the rotation of said blades.

9. In a propeller system ada ted to have the pitch of its blades change 'by rotation around their axes, the combination of a hollow power drive shaft for the propeller; means Vfor actuating the rotation of propeller blades for pitch change, apower-driven control shaft passing lhrou h said hollow power drive shaft, and adapted peller blade rotating means, and to' produce movement of said blade rotating means ,when relative motion between the two said shafts is produced, and control means for causing said relative motion.

l0. In a the pitch of its blades changed by rotation around their axes, the combination of a hollow power vdrive shaft for the ropeller; mea-ns for actuating the rotation ofp propeller pitch change, a power-driven control shaft assing through said hollow power ft, and adapted to produce move'- tive-motion between the two said shafts is produced.; control means for producing said relative motion, and manual means whereby power is applied to said vcontrolvmeans, which manual means move responsive to the degree of change` in blade pitch and the position whereof at any time indicates the blade pitch. 11. In a pitch changeable propeller system, the combination of a source of power; a holextending therefrom to a propeller housing; sockets formed-in the said housing adapted to receive and hold rotatably the ends-'of the propeller blades, means propeller blades ends whereby rotation of the propeller blades is produced when relavtive motion takes place between said means and sa1d'hous1ng; a pltch control shaft connected wlthsaid blade-moving means and extending therefrom through said hollow shaft in the vessel driven by the propeller,` shaft.

12. lActuating means whereby a control shaft is power -driven in either of two directions; including a power source; .friction adapted to move said control Vmeans adapted to cause motionpof'the said control shaft by said power source when pressure 1s exerted thereon "in either of two directlons, manual means for applying pressure to operate said pr0- .l

to said 'frictionmeans and adapted to 'move' responsive to the motion of said control shaft,

110 adjacent said housing connected with said l f i control shaft by said power source when pres- 13. Actuating means wv power said frictionlmeans means adapted to tol shaft, said thereto, the speed of movement ualmeans for applyin shaft by said power source pressure manually l l nemica erative while pressure is a plied thereto.'-

ereby a control shaft is power-driven in either of two directions, including `a power source; friction cause` motion of the said control shaft by said power source when pressure is exerted thereon in either of two directions, manual means to said friction means and adaptedto move responsive to the motion of said control shaft, said. friction means being continuously opera'- Y tive while pressure is applied thereto, the position .of said manual pressure-applying means indicating the position of said control shaft. v

14. Actuating Vmeans whereby a control shaft is power-driven in either-oftwo drections, including a, power source; means adapted to cause motion of the said sure is exerted thereon in either of two di. rections, manual means-for applying pres-` sure to said friction means and adapted to move responsive to the motion .of said confriction means being continuously operative while pressure-is applied being proportional plied pressure. A

l5. Actuating means for driving a control shaft in either of two opposite directions, including a power source; friction means adapted to cause motion of the saidV control shaft by said'power source when pressureis ex-4 erted thereon in either of two directions, manressure to said frictionmeans and adaptedp to move responsive to the motion of said control shaft, the direction of motion of said shaft corresponding with the direction of pressure applied to said friction means. l

16. Actuating means for driving a control shaft in either of two opposite directions, including a power source; friction means adapted to cause motion of the said control when pressure is exerted thereon in either of two directions, manual means for applying pressure to said friction Vmeans and adapted to move responsive to the motion of said control shaft, the' to the said manually apdirection of motion of said shaft correspond# ing with the direction-of pressure apph to said friction means; the speed of motion of said shaft being proportional tothe said exerted.

17. In a. power driving mechanism, and a driven control therefor, the combination of a hollow main power shaft, a control shaft inside said main. shaft, manual control means for causingrelative motion between the two said shafts by application of pressure, said manual means being moved by said control shaft and in the direction of said pressure.

continuously op- 'for applying pressure of said shaft gears on said ing'with said pinion,

18. In a power power control means, the combination of a hollow power'. drive haft, an internal control shaft, both whereof arenormally adapted' to rotate at identical speeds; friction gearing means between said shafts adapted to be operated by pressure, whereby said mechanism and' u power control shaft is caused/to move ata speed differing from that of said power drive shaft, a manual control for application of said pressure to said friction gearing; a mem-Y ber adapted to move responsive' to relative motion between the member being connected lto said manual means so that the manual means is movedresponsive -to relative.motion between .sai shafts and in the same direction as that of the pressure exerted by said manual means, so that the manual pressure must be continually maintainedA for continuous relative motionl between the said shafts, said relative motion causing operation of said control means.

' 19. In a manually controlled power drive, the combination of a power-operated shaft; an externally driven rotatin .'member; fi'icf tional gearin between said shaft and said rotating mem er adapted to be engaged by application of pressure; a thirdmember adapted to move responsive to the direction and degree of movement of said' shaft; a manual control for applying pressure on sai frictional caring and `connected with said third mem rso. thatsaid manual control means isv 4moved responsive to said motion` of the third member,'and in the same direction as that of the applied pressure.

20. In a manually-controlled power drive 'two said shafts, said Y i mechanism, the combination of a power drive for causing engagement of said friction drive means; a member adapted to move responsive tomovement of said shaft;'connections from said member to said-manual means whereby said manual means are moved responsive to movement of said shaft and in a direction to relieve pressure applied to said friction drive meansso that said manual -means requires continuous movement for continuous movementof said shaft, and thel position of said manual means indicates the position of said shaft.

21. In a manually `controlled power transmission mechanism for producm dinal motion of a shaft, the combination of a source of power, a shaft rotated thereby; a member splined on said shaft; a pinion rotatably fastened on a projecting portion ofsaid member whereby said pinion is revolved about said shaft; a pair of co-facin bevel shaft free to Arotatea-nr meshso that both 'gears normally rotate with said shaft; oppositel threaded sleeves fastened to said gears, each' -lin iisg' longitul cooperating with a correspondingly thread.- '130 j ed portion of said shaft; friction means whereb ax'ial motion of the shaft, is

l manual pressure'ineans connected with said speed difference between said direction of the direction of 'said the mem r adapted to move responsive to the mem r adapted fnctlon'means `and with the .said shaft, so

that the manual control travels with longitudinal shaft motion and in the same direction as that of the manually applied force.

22. In a power driven manually controlled operating mechanism, the combination of a control shaft; a second shaft; pressure-operated gearing between said shafts whereby eed of said control shaft isvaried; a

shafts; manual control means connected with said pressureoperated gearin' and said member, whereby pressure on sai manual means causes relative motion between said two shafts and corresponding motion of said manual means, the 'directlon of the pressure. applied fixing the direction of said relative motion. 23. In a power driven manually controlled operatin mechanism, the combination of a control s aft: a second shaft; pressure-o erated gearing between said shafts where y the ed of said to move responsive to the speed difference between said shafts; manual control means connected with saidgpressure- Yoperated gearing and said member, whereby pressure on said manual means causes relative motlon between said two shafts and correonding motion ofv said manual pressure applied fixing the relative motlon, said motion ding to relieve said manually-applied pressure, so lthat said manual control means travels responsive to the speed difference bef tween the said shafts and indicates ,the posifsaid lI nanual Amember adapted to lied tionto which saidcontrol shaft has moved.

24. In a manually controlledpower shaft, the-combination of an externally driven resmre-operated gearing for driving said s aft, a manual pressure-applying member, and connecting means between said shaft and relieve apressure with shaft motion. 25; a manually controlled power shaft, the combination ofan externally, driven res'- sure-operated gearing for driving saids aft,.

a manual pressure-applying member, and connecting meansbetween said shaft and Y. said manualmember adapted to relieve appvrjessure-operated means; pressure vrelieving plied pressure with shaft motion, that said manual member follow ment of saidY shaft for a ment ofthe shaft.

requiring the movepredetermined movemove? source; pressure applying means for said control shaft is varied; a

lof

means, the' said .power means, which name to this specification at'Los Y l i ,.-"Calif.', 26. In a manuallycontrolled power shaft; pressure-operated means for causin ment of said shaft from an externapower means connected" with said power shaft; and I Y means. I 27. In ay power c ontrolmeansfor changing adjustments in extraneous mechanisms, thel combination of a control shaft; manual control means for governing motion of said shaftv operatively connected with said shaft and adapted to move responsively to the motion of said shaft.

28. In a manually mitting apparatus, theA combination of a source of power; a shaftadapted to move in either of two opposite directions; connections between said source of power and the shaft whereby the shaft is moved when said connections are appropriately actuated; manual K Vcontrol means for 'actuating said connections and adapted to be moved in either of twoopposite directions, and thereby to cause corresponding motion of the said shaft; means connected with said shaft and with said manual control means adapted to move responsive to motion of the said shaft and to move said` manual control in a direction to-cause said shaft-driving connections to become inoper-. ative, thereby requiring continuous movement of said manual control means during movement of said shaft.

29.'In a power control, the combination;-

driving means; a shaft; actuating means wherebyy said driving means is caused to move said shaft; manual control means for said. actuating means; a member adapted to movel responsive to movement of said shaft and 'connected vwith said manual control means"v "roi controlled power transwhereby said manual means are also moved res onsive to `movement offsaid shaft, the said members being coordinated f to so move that motion of said shaft renders said control means inoperative.

30' Ina f hangin h 11 o power means or c 'g t e prope er blade pitch, and control meansefor said power means, said control means to move res onsive to change propeller b thereof. y l

31. In a pro ller adapted Yfor-changing the pitch of a b ade, the combination of power means for moving a dpropeller blade for said pitch variation, an

in pitch of said adapted to move in accordance with chan in propeller blade pitch `and'meansfor in icati'ngpitch. In testimonyvwhereof, I have signedl my this"29th day of October, 1930. HARDING F. IIEIAKIEVYELL.

los.,

propeller system, the combination Y '11o being adapted ades, and 'to indicate the pitch e control means for y control means 1s Angeles,

v iso 

